Grafico descriptivo de la variable dependiente

Gráfico 1

Gráfico 2

Gráfico 3

Gráfico 4

Gráfico 5

Gráfico 6

Gráfico 7

Gráfico 8

Test de Shapiro


    Lilliefors (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) normality test

data:  base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
D = 0.11497, p-value = 7.944e-06

    Lilliefors (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) normality test

data:  base_clean$Gov_effectiveness
D = 0.070607, p-value = 0.03504

    Shapiro-Wilk normality test

data:  base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
W = 0.94768, p-value = 5.276e-06

    Shapiro-Wilk normality test

data:  base_clean$Gov_effectiveness
W = 0.9528, p-value = 1.519e-05

Correlación


    Pearson's product-moment correlation

data:  base_clean$Regulatory_quality and base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
t = 25.757, df = 171, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.8564007 0.9186532
sample estimates:
      cor 
0.8916679 

    Pearson's product-moment correlation

data:  base_clean$Inequality and base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
t = -6.3328, df = 163, p-value = 2.246e-09
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 -0.5591824 -0.3128163
sample estimates:
       cor 
-0.4443624 

    Pearson's product-moment correlation

data:  base_clean$Rule_law and base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
t = 31.141, df = 171, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.8960736 0.9416677
sample estimates:
      cor 
0.9220067 

    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  base_clean$Gov_effectiveness and base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
S = 74029, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
     rho 
0.914212 

    Pearson's product-moment correlation

data:  base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)` and base_clean$Gov_effectiveness
t = 29.442, df = 171, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.8854493 0.9355460
sample estimates:
      cor 
0.9139132

REGRESIÓN MÚLTIPLE


Call:
lm(formula = `Corruption (0-100)` ~ Regulatory_quality + Gov_effectiveness + 
    Pol_stability + Accountability + Rule_law + Inequality, data = base_clean)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-16.918  -3.558   0.136   3.381  16.444 

Coefficients:
                   Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)        18.06994    4.09454   4.413 1.88e-05 ***
Regulatory_quality  0.01015    0.05607   0.181 0.856559    
Gov_effectiveness   0.23519    0.06183   3.804 0.000203 ***
Pol_stability       0.10648    0.03302   3.225 0.001532 ** 
Accountability      0.07570    0.03300   2.294 0.023101 *  
Rule_law            0.22876    0.05226   4.377 2.18e-05 ***
Inequality         -8.51187    6.23954  -1.364 0.174450    
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 6.319 on 158 degrees of freedom
  (8 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared:  0.8935,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.8895 
F-statistic:   221 on 6 and 158 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

CLUSTERIZACIÓN: PAM - NO JERARQUICO

PAM: AGRUPACIÓN

Corruption (0-100) Accountability Pol_stability Gov_effectiveness Regulatory_quality Rule_law Inequality Life expectancy at birth Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling (GNI) per capita pam
Albania -0.4752285 0.1816386 0.3300916 0.2866136 0.3010955 -0.0094516 -1.1020712 0.5883388 0.2704911 0.3002025 -0.4538807 1
Algeria -0.5825270 -0.9166152 -0.9127229 -0.5461992 -1.1956267 -0.8749701 -0.8711947 0.6246175 0.5972731 -0.6250529 -0.5807741 2
Angola -0.7971241 -0.7422949 -0.7809758 -1.2159122 -0.6586690 -1.1078450 1.3269749 -1.2135024 -0.4811073 -0.9832163 -0.6716031 2
Argentina -0.3142808 0.5652876 0.1795805 -0.2196535 -0.7890287 -0.4420344 -0.0563287 0.5036886 1.7410099 0.5986720 -0.2392749 1
Armenia 0.2758610 0.1469911 -0.9694141 -0.3176518 0.1059008 -0.0426186 0.2460338 0.1771804 0.2378129 0.6583659 -0.4899451 1
Australia 1.5634430 1.6639023 1.5729060 1.5443166 1.7488465 1.5384610 -0.9405580 1.4106556 2.4272519 1.0762232 1.9535327 3
Austria 1.6170923 1.6985498 1.0646815 1.4954906 1.3256949 1.7046491 -1.4263963 1.2655409 0.8913768 0.9568354 1.7255698 3
Azerbaijan -0.7434748 -1.3525963 -1.0632340 0.0906169 -0.0244588 -0.7585326 -0.1189311 0.1892733 -0.3177164 0.4494373 -0.5033023 1
Bahamas 1.0805998 0.9839450 1.4790861 0.5806086 -0.0568763 0.2901103 0.9451590 0.2981093 -0.5791419 1.0762232 0.6480887 1
Bahrain -0.0996838 -1.3352725 -0.4607904 0.8257776 1.0166942 0.6228391 1.0735884 0.8785683 0.8586986 0.5688251 0.4788974 1
Bangladesh -0.9580718 -0.6899627 -1.1574531 -0.8730911 -1.0656119 -0.6251588 -1.0360034 0.2134591 -0.5791419 -0.5056651 -0.6297505 2
Belarus -0.1533330 -1.5095928 -0.9502508 -0.9873648 -1.4232388 -1.2578024 -1.9768550 0.1529946 0.1071001 0.9269885 -0.4342901 2
Belgium 1.5634430 1.6462176 0.9329344 1.2669433 1.3094861 1.4386071 -1.7464268 1.2534480 1.7083317 1.0165293 1.6440908 3
Benin -0.0996838 -0.3586459 -0.3665712 -0.0891044 -0.3172508 -0.6586787 0.1339476 -1.4432674 -1.1019930 -1.7890839 -0.6929746 2
Bolivia -0.7434748 -0.2716663 -0.2348241 -0.5790961 -1.3256415 -1.3410728 0.9451590 -0.8507156 0.4338821 0.2106617 -0.5999194 2

PAM: GRÁFICO SILHOUETTE

PAM: CASOS NO CLUSTERIZADOS

[1] "Egypt"      "Greece"     "Poland"     "Senegal"    "Uzbekistan"

PAM: PROMEDIOS

  pam Corruption (0-100) Accountability Pol_stability Gov_effectiveness
1   1        -0.08950891    -0.03976816    0.06456674         0.1248095
2   2        -0.84168021    -0.75914763   -0.78871684        -0.9801222
3   3         1.44343814     1.23937535    1.12603744         1.3312700
  Regulatory_quality    Rule_law Inequality Life expectancy at birth
1          0.1203674  0.05454644  0.2585950                0.1650875
2         -0.9808039 -0.94514952  0.3135849               -0.9208134
3          1.3391084  1.38421390 -0.8815794                1.1777083
  Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling (GNI) per capita
1                   0.1527369               0.2652096       -0.2989294
2                  -0.8710302              -0.9134048       -0.6514164
3                   1.1192642               1.0133875        1.4676703

AGNES: AGRUPACIÓN

Corruption (0-100) Accountability Pol_stability Gov_effectiveness Regulatory_quality Rule_law Inequality Life expectancy at birth Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling (GNI) per capita pam agnes
Albania -0.4752285 0.1816386 0.3300916 0.2866136 0.3010955 -0.0094516 -1.1020712 0.5883388 0.2704911 0.3002025 -0.4538807 1 1
Algeria -0.5825270 -0.9166152 -0.9127229 -0.5461992 -1.1956267 -0.8749701 -0.8711947 0.6246175 0.5972731 -0.6250529 -0.5807741 2 2
Angola -0.7971241 -0.7422949 -0.7809758 -1.2159122 -0.6586690 -1.1078450 1.3269749 -1.2135024 -0.4811073 -0.9832163 -0.6716031 2 3
Argentina -0.3142808 0.5652876 0.1795805 -0.2196535 -0.7890287 -0.4420344 -0.0563287 0.5036886 1.7410099 0.5986720 -0.2392749 1 2
Armenia 0.2758610 0.1469911 -0.9694141 -0.3176518 0.1059008 -0.0426186 0.2460338 0.1771804 0.2378129 0.6583659 -0.4899451 1 1
Australia 1.5634430 1.6639023 1.5729060 1.5443166 1.7488465 1.5384610 -0.9405580 1.4106556 2.4272519 1.0762232 1.9535327 3 4
Austria 1.6170923 1.6985498 1.0646815 1.4954906 1.3256949 1.7046491 -1.4263963 1.2655409 0.8913768 0.9568354 1.7255698 3 4
Azerbaijan -0.7434748 -1.3525963 -1.0632340 0.0906169 -0.0244588 -0.7585326 -0.1189311 0.1892733 -0.3177164 0.4494373 -0.5033023 1 2
Bahamas 1.0805998 0.9839450 1.4790861 0.5806086 -0.0568763 0.2901103 0.9451590 0.2981093 -0.5791419 1.0762232 0.6480887 1 5
Bahrain -0.0996838 -1.3352725 -0.4607904 0.8257776 1.0166942 0.6228391 1.0735884 0.8785683 0.8586986 0.5688251 0.4788974 1 6
Bangladesh -0.9580718 -0.6899627 -1.1574531 -0.8730911 -1.0656119 -0.6251588 -1.0360034 0.2134591 -0.5791419 -0.5056651 -0.6297505 2 2
Belarus -0.1533330 -1.5095928 -0.9502508 -0.9873648 -1.4232388 -1.2578024 -1.9768550 0.1529946 0.1071001 0.9269885 -0.4342901 2 2
Belgium 1.5634430 1.6462176 0.9329344 1.2669433 1.3094861 1.4386071 -1.7464268 1.2534480 1.7083317 1.0165293 1.6440908 3 4
Benin -0.0996838 -0.3586459 -0.3665712 -0.0891044 -0.3172508 -0.6586787 0.1339476 -1.4432674 -1.1019930 -1.7890839 -0.6929746 2 3
Bolivia -0.7434748 -0.2716663 -0.2348241 -0.5790961 -1.3256415 -1.3410728 0.9451590 -0.8507156 0.4338821 0.2106617 -0.5999194 2 3

AGNES: DENDOGRAMA

AGNES: GRÁFICO SILHOUETTE

AGNES: CASOS NO CLUSTERIZADOS

 [1] "Argentina"             "Bolivia"               "Botswana"             
 [4] "Cameroon"              "Djibouti"              "El Salvador"          
 [7] "Georgia"               "Iran"                  "Kazakhstan"           
[10] "Liberia"               "Morocco"               "Mozambique"           
[13] "Nigeria"               "Romania"               "Rwanda"               
[16] "Sao Tome and Principe" "Senegal"               "South Korea"          
[19] "Suriname"              "Tajikistan"            "Tunisia"              
[22] "Uzbekistan"

AGNES: PROMEDIOS

  agnes Corruption (0-100) Accountability Pol_stability Gov_effectiveness
1     1        -0.21023375      0.2034574    0.05966518       -0.01915508
2     2        -0.58968028     -0.7864705   -0.91141872       -0.62254321
3     3        -0.69653170     -0.5338083   -0.42234748       -0.75456105
4     4         1.85212712      1.5832300    1.34796634        1.54835662
5     5         0.72383225      0.9907842    0.91864184        0.85188739
6     6         0.01249194     -0.8405941    0.04598235        0.44716338
7     7        -0.92454103     -0.8338311   -1.12456625       -1.18533099
8     8        -1.23704792     -1.1816686   -1.00215123       -1.42672981
9     9         1.23081769     -0.1529264    0.53346119        1.36805815
  Regulatory_quality    Rule_law  Inequality Life expectancy at birth
1         0.06045155 -0.04474635  0.38916615               -0.1218439
2        -0.78675254 -0.68297764 -0.42735888                0.1981414
3        -0.70213659 -0.73064349  0.65187487               -0.9963342
4         1.54271467  1.62793140 -1.28252310                1.3133366
5         0.87847155  0.73368409 -0.61572418                0.7485697
6         0.21820201  0.33402291  0.62100378                0.6510020
7        -1.14581498 -0.96542965  0.05294787               -1.4190816
8        -1.38102711 -1.41248777  0.68350361               -0.7636468
9         1.28686288  1.25879942  0.53142565                1.1180076
  Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling (GNI) per capita      pam
1                 -0.07906654              0.08494272      -0.42890674 1.060606
2                  0.19859909              0.35193725      -0.50395534 1.533333
3                 -0.77248791             -0.89616267      -0.65919202 1.958333
4                  1.30530060              1.13875968       1.94630288 3.000000
5                  0.80477959              0.82252415       0.26044034 2.200000
6                  0.17839802              0.05328687      -0.06380983 1.000000
7                 -1.59829311             -1.69394675      -0.71312173 2.000000
8                 -0.54319592             -0.54148142      -0.62636669 2.000000
9                  0.74105711              0.99862115       1.96564326 3.000000

DIANA: NUMERO DE CLUSTERS

DIANA: AGRUPACIÓN

Corruption (0-100) Accountability Pol_stability Gov_effectiveness Regulatory_quality Rule_law Inequality Life expectancy at birth Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling (GNI) per capita pam agnes diana
Albania -0.4752285 0.1816386 0.3300916 0.2866136 0.3010955 -0.0094516 -1.1020712 0.5883388 0.2704911 0.3002025 -0.4538807 1 1 1
Algeria -0.5825270 -0.9166152 -0.9127229 -0.5461992 -1.1956267 -0.8749701 -0.8711947 0.6246175 0.5972731 -0.6250529 -0.5807741 2 2 2
Angola -0.7971241 -0.7422949 -0.7809758 -1.2159122 -0.6586690 -1.1078450 1.3269749 -1.2135024 -0.4811073 -0.9832163 -0.6716031 2 3 3
Argentina -0.3142808 0.5652876 0.1795805 -0.2196535 -0.7890287 -0.4420344 -0.0563287 0.5036886 1.7410099 0.5986720 -0.2392749 1 2 1
Armenia 0.2758610 0.1469911 -0.9694141 -0.3176518 0.1059008 -0.0426186 0.2460338 0.1771804 0.2378129 0.6583659 -0.4899451 1 1 1
Australia 1.5634430 1.6639023 1.5729060 1.5443166 1.7488465 1.5384610 -0.9405580 1.4106556 2.4272519 1.0762232 1.9535327 3 4 4
Austria 1.6170923 1.6985498 1.0646815 1.4954906 1.3256949 1.7046491 -1.4263963 1.2655409 0.8913768 0.9568354 1.7255698 3 4 4
Azerbaijan -0.7434748 -1.3525963 -1.0632340 0.0906169 -0.0244588 -0.7585326 -0.1189311 0.1892733 -0.3177164 0.4494373 -0.5033023 1 2 1
Bahamas 1.0805998 0.9839450 1.4790861 0.5806086 -0.0568763 0.2901103 0.9451590 0.2981093 -0.5791419 1.0762232 0.6480887 1 5 5
Bahrain -0.0996838 -1.3352725 -0.4607904 0.8257776 1.0166942 0.6228391 1.0735884 0.8785683 0.8586986 0.5688251 0.4788974 1 6 6
Bangladesh -0.9580718 -0.6899627 -1.1574531 -0.8730911 -1.0656119 -0.6251588 -1.0360034 0.2134591 -0.5791419 -0.5056651 -0.6297505 2 2 2
Belarus -0.1533330 -1.5095928 -0.9502508 -0.9873648 -1.4232388 -1.2578024 -1.9768550 0.1529946 0.1071001 0.9269885 -0.4342901 2 2 2
Belgium 1.5634430 1.6462176 0.9329344 1.2669433 1.3094861 1.4386071 -1.7464268 1.2534480 1.7083317 1.0165293 1.6440908 3 4 4
Benin -0.0996838 -0.3586459 -0.3665712 -0.0891044 -0.3172508 -0.6586787 0.1339476 -1.4432674 -1.1019930 -1.7890839 -0.6929746 2 3 3
Bolivia -0.7434748 -0.2716663 -0.2348241 -0.5790961 -1.3256415 -1.3410728 0.9451590 -0.8507156 0.4338821 0.2106617 -0.5999194 2 3 2

DIANA: DENDOGRAMA

DIANA: GRAFICO DE SILHOUETTE

DIANA: CASOS NO CLUSTERIZADOS

 [1] "Botswana"                         "Cambodia"                        
 [3] "Democratic Republic of the Congo" "Egypt"                           
 [5] "El Salvador"                      "Gabon"                           
 [7] "Honduras"                         "Kuwait"                          
 [9] "Lithuania"                        "Maldives"                        
[11] "Malta"                            "Montenegro"                      
[13] "Senegal"                          "Spain"                           
[15] "Sudan"                            "Uzbekistan"

DIANA: PROMEDIOS

   diana Corruption (0-100) Accountability Pol_stability Gov_effectiveness
1      1        -0.40568321    -0.04295529    -0.2138717       -0.20267272
2      2        -1.02804909    -1.08798538    -0.8779028       -1.11872686
3      3        -0.61923443    -0.36052648    -0.3805234       -0.82484833
4      4         1.66430364     1.54381980     1.3824556        1.45757946
5      5         0.62034567     0.78466481     0.8217793        0.72087180
6      6         0.46363338    -1.19569001     0.4055467        0.74821000
7      7        -0.93124718    -0.91045389    -1.2530126       -1.12261341
8      8        -0.18909919    -0.71322147    -0.4021917        0.16699174
9      9        -0.02457482     0.22718566     0.2040136        0.08583819
10    10         1.22008783     0.24111684     0.1041253        1.42027776
   Regulatory_quality   Rule_law  Inequality Life expectancy at birth
1         -0.07857740 -0.3108691  0.02503918                0.1149244
2         -1.22882387 -1.2331035  0.27519181               -0.4732070
3         -0.69900026 -0.5227421  0.44712024               -1.1345804
4          1.44358418  1.5496955 -1.28581212                1.2882755
5          0.81641730  0.5660503 -0.30231398                0.5017791
6          0.78494366  0.6979060  1.06099762                0.7515929
7         -1.09221590 -1.1055768  0.26981637               -1.4959579
8         -0.05323607  0.2087609  0.47657677                0.5722150
9         -0.19675433  0.1503500  1.00250431               -0.5496025
10         1.33238531  1.2987410  0.01057214                1.1760535
   Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling (GNI) per capita
1                   0.09741772               0.3399985      -0.43880846
2                  -0.40296384              -0.2733780      -0.60015173
3                  -0.92656273              -1.1167421      -0.68001578
4                   1.26652247               1.0666722       1.71066314
5                   0.56115505               0.8028880       0.07656437
6                   0.25415202               0.5912103       0.86469799
7                  -1.59450010              -1.7549731      -0.70827179
8                   0.45566755              -0.2171446      -0.27049120
9                  -0.56280283              -0.5176039      -0.50757662
10                  0.95019755               1.1478559       1.66350331
        pam    agnes
1  1.074074 1.296296
2  2.000000 5.043478
3  2.000000 3.631579
4  3.000000 4.200000
5  1.736842 4.421053
6  1.500000 6.750000
7  2.000000 6.428571
8  1.000000 4.555556
9  1.100000 1.500000
10 3.000000 8.000000

VISUALIZACIÓN COMPARATIVA: DIMENSIONES

                              [,1]        [,2]
Albania                 0.06889912 -0.14470252
Algeria                -0.18956772  0.08659035
Angola                 -0.36299025  0.02584524
Argentina               0.01256673 -0.07130465
Armenia                -0.02204313 -0.13462718
Australia               0.59884355  0.15153918
Austria                 0.54880350  0.12510428
Azerbaijan             -0.14547419 -0.03797221
Bahamas                 0.20303413 -0.11097587
Bahrain                 0.13722909 -0.07030498
Bangladesh             -0.25070980  0.08718401
Belarus                -0.17834847  0.13894361
Belgium                 0.54776643  0.11579520
Benin                  -0.24725300 -0.02782567
Bolivia                -0.23712909 -0.01131818
Bosnia and Herzegovina -0.09165255 -0.03598231
Botswana                0.12693644 -0.14662486
Brazil                 -0.08294089 -0.16729970
Bulgaria                0.05470678 -0.15645740
Burkina Faso           -0.36773828  0.03020823

VISUALIZACIÓN COMPARATIVA: GRAFICO