Grafico descriptivo de la variable dependiente

Gráfico 1

Gráfico 2

Gráfico 3

Gráfico 4

Gráfico 5

Gráfico 6

Gráfico 7

Gráfico 8

Test de Shapiro
Lilliefors (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) normality test
data: base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
D = 0.11497, p-value = 7.944e-06
Lilliefors (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) normality test
data: base_clean$Gov_effectiveness
D = 0.070607, p-value = 0.03504
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
W = 0.94768, p-value = 5.276e-06
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: base_clean$Gov_effectiveness
W = 0.9528, p-value = 1.519e-05
Correlación
Pearson's product-moment correlation
data: base_clean$Regulatory_quality and base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
t = 25.757, df = 171, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.8564007 0.9186532
sample estimates:
cor
0.8916679
Pearson's product-moment correlation
data: base_clean$Inequality and base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
t = -6.3328, df = 163, p-value = 2.246e-09
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
-0.5591824 -0.3128163
sample estimates:
cor
-0.4443624
Pearson's product-moment correlation
data: base_clean$Rule_law and base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
t = 31.141, df = 171, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.8960736 0.9416677
sample estimates:
cor
0.9220067
Spearman's rank correlation rho
data: base_clean$Gov_effectiveness and base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)`
S = 74029, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
rho
0.914212
Pearson's product-moment correlation
data: base_clean$`Corruption (0-100)` and base_clean$Gov_effectiveness
t = 29.442, df = 171, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.8854493 0.9355460
sample estimates:
cor
0.9139132
REGRESIÓN MÚLTIPLE
Call:
lm(formula = `Corruption (0-100)` ~ Regulatory_quality + Gov_effectiveness +
Pol_stability + Accountability + Rule_law + Inequality, data = base_clean)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-16.918 -3.558 0.136 3.381 16.444
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 18.06994 4.09454 4.413 1.88e-05 ***
Regulatory_quality 0.01015 0.05607 0.181 0.856559
Gov_effectiveness 0.23519 0.06183 3.804 0.000203 ***
Pol_stability 0.10648 0.03302 3.225 0.001532 **
Accountability 0.07570 0.03300 2.294 0.023101 *
Rule_law 0.22876 0.05226 4.377 2.18e-05 ***
Inequality -8.51187 6.23954 -1.364 0.174450
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 6.319 on 158 degrees of freedom
(8 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.8935, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8895
F-statistic: 221 on 6 and 158 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
CLUSTERIZACIÓN: PAM - NO JERARQUICO

PAM: AGRUPACIÓN
|
|
Corruption (0-100)
|
Accountability
|
Pol_stability
|
Gov_effectiveness
|
Regulatory_quality
|
Rule_law
|
Inequality
|
Life expectancy at birth
|
Expected years of schooling
|
Mean years of schooling
|
(GNI) per capita
|
pam
|
|
Albania
|
-0.4752285
|
0.1816386
|
0.3300916
|
0.2866136
|
0.3010955
|
-0.0094516
|
-1.1020712
|
0.5883388
|
0.2704911
|
0.3002025
|
-0.4538807
|
1
|
|
Algeria
|
-0.5825270
|
-0.9166152
|
-0.9127229
|
-0.5461992
|
-1.1956267
|
-0.8749701
|
-0.8711947
|
0.6246175
|
0.5972731
|
-0.6250529
|
-0.5807741
|
2
|
|
Angola
|
-0.7971241
|
-0.7422949
|
-0.7809758
|
-1.2159122
|
-0.6586690
|
-1.1078450
|
1.3269749
|
-1.2135024
|
-0.4811073
|
-0.9832163
|
-0.6716031
|
2
|
|
Argentina
|
-0.3142808
|
0.5652876
|
0.1795805
|
-0.2196535
|
-0.7890287
|
-0.4420344
|
-0.0563287
|
0.5036886
|
1.7410099
|
0.5986720
|
-0.2392749
|
1
|
|
Armenia
|
0.2758610
|
0.1469911
|
-0.9694141
|
-0.3176518
|
0.1059008
|
-0.0426186
|
0.2460338
|
0.1771804
|
0.2378129
|
0.6583659
|
-0.4899451
|
1
|
|
Australia
|
1.5634430
|
1.6639023
|
1.5729060
|
1.5443166
|
1.7488465
|
1.5384610
|
-0.9405580
|
1.4106556
|
2.4272519
|
1.0762232
|
1.9535327
|
3
|
|
Austria
|
1.6170923
|
1.6985498
|
1.0646815
|
1.4954906
|
1.3256949
|
1.7046491
|
-1.4263963
|
1.2655409
|
0.8913768
|
0.9568354
|
1.7255698
|
3
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
-0.7434748
|
-1.3525963
|
-1.0632340
|
0.0906169
|
-0.0244588
|
-0.7585326
|
-0.1189311
|
0.1892733
|
-0.3177164
|
0.4494373
|
-0.5033023
|
1
|
|
Bahamas
|
1.0805998
|
0.9839450
|
1.4790861
|
0.5806086
|
-0.0568763
|
0.2901103
|
0.9451590
|
0.2981093
|
-0.5791419
|
1.0762232
|
0.6480887
|
1
|
|
Bahrain
|
-0.0996838
|
-1.3352725
|
-0.4607904
|
0.8257776
|
1.0166942
|
0.6228391
|
1.0735884
|
0.8785683
|
0.8586986
|
0.5688251
|
0.4788974
|
1
|
|
Bangladesh
|
-0.9580718
|
-0.6899627
|
-1.1574531
|
-0.8730911
|
-1.0656119
|
-0.6251588
|
-1.0360034
|
0.2134591
|
-0.5791419
|
-0.5056651
|
-0.6297505
|
2
|
|
Belarus
|
-0.1533330
|
-1.5095928
|
-0.9502508
|
-0.9873648
|
-1.4232388
|
-1.2578024
|
-1.9768550
|
0.1529946
|
0.1071001
|
0.9269885
|
-0.4342901
|
2
|
|
Belgium
|
1.5634430
|
1.6462176
|
0.9329344
|
1.2669433
|
1.3094861
|
1.4386071
|
-1.7464268
|
1.2534480
|
1.7083317
|
1.0165293
|
1.6440908
|
3
|
|
Benin
|
-0.0996838
|
-0.3586459
|
-0.3665712
|
-0.0891044
|
-0.3172508
|
-0.6586787
|
0.1339476
|
-1.4432674
|
-1.1019930
|
-1.7890839
|
-0.6929746
|
2
|
|
Bolivia
|
-0.7434748
|
-0.2716663
|
-0.2348241
|
-0.5790961
|
-1.3256415
|
-1.3410728
|
0.9451590
|
-0.8507156
|
0.4338821
|
0.2106617
|
-0.5999194
|
2
|
PAM: GRÁFICO SILHOUETTE

PAM: CASOS NO CLUSTERIZADOS
[1] "Egypt" "Greece" "Poland" "Senegal" "Uzbekistan"
PAM: PROMEDIOS
pam Corruption (0-100) Accountability Pol_stability Gov_effectiveness
1 1 -0.08950891 -0.03976816 0.06456674 0.1248095
2 2 -0.84168021 -0.75914763 -0.78871684 -0.9801222
3 3 1.44343814 1.23937535 1.12603744 1.3312700
Regulatory_quality Rule_law Inequality Life expectancy at birth
1 0.1203674 0.05454644 0.2585950 0.1650875
2 -0.9808039 -0.94514952 0.3135849 -0.9208134
3 1.3391084 1.38421390 -0.8815794 1.1777083
Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling (GNI) per capita
1 0.1527369 0.2652096 -0.2989294
2 -0.8710302 -0.9134048 -0.6514164
3 1.1192642 1.0133875 1.4676703
AGNES: AGRUPACIÓN
|
|
Corruption (0-100)
|
Accountability
|
Pol_stability
|
Gov_effectiveness
|
Regulatory_quality
|
Rule_law
|
Inequality
|
Life expectancy at birth
|
Expected years of schooling
|
Mean years of schooling
|
(GNI) per capita
|
pam
|
agnes
|
|
Albania
|
-0.4752285
|
0.1816386
|
0.3300916
|
0.2866136
|
0.3010955
|
-0.0094516
|
-1.1020712
|
0.5883388
|
0.2704911
|
0.3002025
|
-0.4538807
|
1
|
1
|
|
Algeria
|
-0.5825270
|
-0.9166152
|
-0.9127229
|
-0.5461992
|
-1.1956267
|
-0.8749701
|
-0.8711947
|
0.6246175
|
0.5972731
|
-0.6250529
|
-0.5807741
|
2
|
2
|
|
Angola
|
-0.7971241
|
-0.7422949
|
-0.7809758
|
-1.2159122
|
-0.6586690
|
-1.1078450
|
1.3269749
|
-1.2135024
|
-0.4811073
|
-0.9832163
|
-0.6716031
|
2
|
3
|
|
Argentina
|
-0.3142808
|
0.5652876
|
0.1795805
|
-0.2196535
|
-0.7890287
|
-0.4420344
|
-0.0563287
|
0.5036886
|
1.7410099
|
0.5986720
|
-0.2392749
|
1
|
2
|
|
Armenia
|
0.2758610
|
0.1469911
|
-0.9694141
|
-0.3176518
|
0.1059008
|
-0.0426186
|
0.2460338
|
0.1771804
|
0.2378129
|
0.6583659
|
-0.4899451
|
1
|
1
|
|
Australia
|
1.5634430
|
1.6639023
|
1.5729060
|
1.5443166
|
1.7488465
|
1.5384610
|
-0.9405580
|
1.4106556
|
2.4272519
|
1.0762232
|
1.9535327
|
3
|
4
|
|
Austria
|
1.6170923
|
1.6985498
|
1.0646815
|
1.4954906
|
1.3256949
|
1.7046491
|
-1.4263963
|
1.2655409
|
0.8913768
|
0.9568354
|
1.7255698
|
3
|
4
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
-0.7434748
|
-1.3525963
|
-1.0632340
|
0.0906169
|
-0.0244588
|
-0.7585326
|
-0.1189311
|
0.1892733
|
-0.3177164
|
0.4494373
|
-0.5033023
|
1
|
2
|
|
Bahamas
|
1.0805998
|
0.9839450
|
1.4790861
|
0.5806086
|
-0.0568763
|
0.2901103
|
0.9451590
|
0.2981093
|
-0.5791419
|
1.0762232
|
0.6480887
|
1
|
5
|
|
Bahrain
|
-0.0996838
|
-1.3352725
|
-0.4607904
|
0.8257776
|
1.0166942
|
0.6228391
|
1.0735884
|
0.8785683
|
0.8586986
|
0.5688251
|
0.4788974
|
1
|
6
|
|
Bangladesh
|
-0.9580718
|
-0.6899627
|
-1.1574531
|
-0.8730911
|
-1.0656119
|
-0.6251588
|
-1.0360034
|
0.2134591
|
-0.5791419
|
-0.5056651
|
-0.6297505
|
2
|
2
|
|
Belarus
|
-0.1533330
|
-1.5095928
|
-0.9502508
|
-0.9873648
|
-1.4232388
|
-1.2578024
|
-1.9768550
|
0.1529946
|
0.1071001
|
0.9269885
|
-0.4342901
|
2
|
2
|
|
Belgium
|
1.5634430
|
1.6462176
|
0.9329344
|
1.2669433
|
1.3094861
|
1.4386071
|
-1.7464268
|
1.2534480
|
1.7083317
|
1.0165293
|
1.6440908
|
3
|
4
|
|
Benin
|
-0.0996838
|
-0.3586459
|
-0.3665712
|
-0.0891044
|
-0.3172508
|
-0.6586787
|
0.1339476
|
-1.4432674
|
-1.1019930
|
-1.7890839
|
-0.6929746
|
2
|
3
|
|
Bolivia
|
-0.7434748
|
-0.2716663
|
-0.2348241
|
-0.5790961
|
-1.3256415
|
-1.3410728
|
0.9451590
|
-0.8507156
|
0.4338821
|
0.2106617
|
-0.5999194
|
2
|
3
|
AGNES: DENDOGRAMA

AGNES: GRÁFICO SILHOUETTE

AGNES: CASOS NO CLUSTERIZADOS
[1] "Argentina" "Bolivia" "Botswana"
[4] "Cameroon" "Djibouti" "El Salvador"
[7] "Georgia" "Iran" "Kazakhstan"
[10] "Liberia" "Morocco" "Mozambique"
[13] "Nigeria" "Romania" "Rwanda"
[16] "Sao Tome and Principe" "Senegal" "South Korea"
[19] "Suriname" "Tajikistan" "Tunisia"
[22] "Uzbekistan"
AGNES: PROMEDIOS
agnes Corruption (0-100) Accountability Pol_stability Gov_effectiveness
1 1 -0.21023375 0.2034574 0.05966518 -0.01915508
2 2 -0.58968028 -0.7864705 -0.91141872 -0.62254321
3 3 -0.69653170 -0.5338083 -0.42234748 -0.75456105
4 4 1.85212712 1.5832300 1.34796634 1.54835662
5 5 0.72383225 0.9907842 0.91864184 0.85188739
6 6 0.01249194 -0.8405941 0.04598235 0.44716338
7 7 -0.92454103 -0.8338311 -1.12456625 -1.18533099
8 8 -1.23704792 -1.1816686 -1.00215123 -1.42672981
9 9 1.23081769 -0.1529264 0.53346119 1.36805815
Regulatory_quality Rule_law Inequality Life expectancy at birth
1 0.06045155 -0.04474635 0.38916615 -0.1218439
2 -0.78675254 -0.68297764 -0.42735888 0.1981414
3 -0.70213659 -0.73064349 0.65187487 -0.9963342
4 1.54271467 1.62793140 -1.28252310 1.3133366
5 0.87847155 0.73368409 -0.61572418 0.7485697
6 0.21820201 0.33402291 0.62100378 0.6510020
7 -1.14581498 -0.96542965 0.05294787 -1.4190816
8 -1.38102711 -1.41248777 0.68350361 -0.7636468
9 1.28686288 1.25879942 0.53142565 1.1180076
Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling (GNI) per capita pam
1 -0.07906654 0.08494272 -0.42890674 1.060606
2 0.19859909 0.35193725 -0.50395534 1.533333
3 -0.77248791 -0.89616267 -0.65919202 1.958333
4 1.30530060 1.13875968 1.94630288 3.000000
5 0.80477959 0.82252415 0.26044034 2.200000
6 0.17839802 0.05328687 -0.06380983 1.000000
7 -1.59829311 -1.69394675 -0.71312173 2.000000
8 -0.54319592 -0.54148142 -0.62636669 2.000000
9 0.74105711 0.99862115 1.96564326 3.000000
DIANA: NUMERO DE CLUSTERS

DIANA: AGRUPACIÓN
|
|
Corruption (0-100)
|
Accountability
|
Pol_stability
|
Gov_effectiveness
|
Regulatory_quality
|
Rule_law
|
Inequality
|
Life expectancy at birth
|
Expected years of schooling
|
Mean years of schooling
|
(GNI) per capita
|
pam
|
agnes
|
diana
|
|
Albania
|
-0.4752285
|
0.1816386
|
0.3300916
|
0.2866136
|
0.3010955
|
-0.0094516
|
-1.1020712
|
0.5883388
|
0.2704911
|
0.3002025
|
-0.4538807
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Algeria
|
-0.5825270
|
-0.9166152
|
-0.9127229
|
-0.5461992
|
-1.1956267
|
-0.8749701
|
-0.8711947
|
0.6246175
|
0.5972731
|
-0.6250529
|
-0.5807741
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
Angola
|
-0.7971241
|
-0.7422949
|
-0.7809758
|
-1.2159122
|
-0.6586690
|
-1.1078450
|
1.3269749
|
-1.2135024
|
-0.4811073
|
-0.9832163
|
-0.6716031
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
|
Argentina
|
-0.3142808
|
0.5652876
|
0.1795805
|
-0.2196535
|
-0.7890287
|
-0.4420344
|
-0.0563287
|
0.5036886
|
1.7410099
|
0.5986720
|
-0.2392749
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
|
Armenia
|
0.2758610
|
0.1469911
|
-0.9694141
|
-0.3176518
|
0.1059008
|
-0.0426186
|
0.2460338
|
0.1771804
|
0.2378129
|
0.6583659
|
-0.4899451
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Australia
|
1.5634430
|
1.6639023
|
1.5729060
|
1.5443166
|
1.7488465
|
1.5384610
|
-0.9405580
|
1.4106556
|
2.4272519
|
1.0762232
|
1.9535327
|
3
|
4
|
4
|
|
Austria
|
1.6170923
|
1.6985498
|
1.0646815
|
1.4954906
|
1.3256949
|
1.7046491
|
-1.4263963
|
1.2655409
|
0.8913768
|
0.9568354
|
1.7255698
|
3
|
4
|
4
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
-0.7434748
|
-1.3525963
|
-1.0632340
|
0.0906169
|
-0.0244588
|
-0.7585326
|
-0.1189311
|
0.1892733
|
-0.3177164
|
0.4494373
|
-0.5033023
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
|
Bahamas
|
1.0805998
|
0.9839450
|
1.4790861
|
0.5806086
|
-0.0568763
|
0.2901103
|
0.9451590
|
0.2981093
|
-0.5791419
|
1.0762232
|
0.6480887
|
1
|
5
|
5
|
|
Bahrain
|
-0.0996838
|
-1.3352725
|
-0.4607904
|
0.8257776
|
1.0166942
|
0.6228391
|
1.0735884
|
0.8785683
|
0.8586986
|
0.5688251
|
0.4788974
|
1
|
6
|
6
|
|
Bangladesh
|
-0.9580718
|
-0.6899627
|
-1.1574531
|
-0.8730911
|
-1.0656119
|
-0.6251588
|
-1.0360034
|
0.2134591
|
-0.5791419
|
-0.5056651
|
-0.6297505
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
Belarus
|
-0.1533330
|
-1.5095928
|
-0.9502508
|
-0.9873648
|
-1.4232388
|
-1.2578024
|
-1.9768550
|
0.1529946
|
0.1071001
|
0.9269885
|
-0.4342901
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
|
Belgium
|
1.5634430
|
1.6462176
|
0.9329344
|
1.2669433
|
1.3094861
|
1.4386071
|
-1.7464268
|
1.2534480
|
1.7083317
|
1.0165293
|
1.6440908
|
3
|
4
|
4
|
|
Benin
|
-0.0996838
|
-0.3586459
|
-0.3665712
|
-0.0891044
|
-0.3172508
|
-0.6586787
|
0.1339476
|
-1.4432674
|
-1.1019930
|
-1.7890839
|
-0.6929746
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
|
Bolivia
|
-0.7434748
|
-0.2716663
|
-0.2348241
|
-0.5790961
|
-1.3256415
|
-1.3410728
|
0.9451590
|
-0.8507156
|
0.4338821
|
0.2106617
|
-0.5999194
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
DIANA: DENDOGRAMA

DIANA: GRAFICO DE SILHOUETTE

DIANA: CASOS NO CLUSTERIZADOS
[1] "Botswana" "Cambodia"
[3] "Democratic Republic of the Congo" "Egypt"
[5] "El Salvador" "Gabon"
[7] "Honduras" "Kuwait"
[9] "Lithuania" "Maldives"
[11] "Malta" "Montenegro"
[13] "Senegal" "Spain"
[15] "Sudan" "Uzbekistan"
DIANA: PROMEDIOS
diana Corruption (0-100) Accountability Pol_stability Gov_effectiveness
1 1 -0.40568321 -0.04295529 -0.2138717 -0.20267272
2 2 -1.02804909 -1.08798538 -0.8779028 -1.11872686
3 3 -0.61923443 -0.36052648 -0.3805234 -0.82484833
4 4 1.66430364 1.54381980 1.3824556 1.45757946
5 5 0.62034567 0.78466481 0.8217793 0.72087180
6 6 0.46363338 -1.19569001 0.4055467 0.74821000
7 7 -0.93124718 -0.91045389 -1.2530126 -1.12261341
8 8 -0.18909919 -0.71322147 -0.4021917 0.16699174
9 9 -0.02457482 0.22718566 0.2040136 0.08583819
10 10 1.22008783 0.24111684 0.1041253 1.42027776
Regulatory_quality Rule_law Inequality Life expectancy at birth
1 -0.07857740 -0.3108691 0.02503918 0.1149244
2 -1.22882387 -1.2331035 0.27519181 -0.4732070
3 -0.69900026 -0.5227421 0.44712024 -1.1345804
4 1.44358418 1.5496955 -1.28581212 1.2882755
5 0.81641730 0.5660503 -0.30231398 0.5017791
6 0.78494366 0.6979060 1.06099762 0.7515929
7 -1.09221590 -1.1055768 0.26981637 -1.4959579
8 -0.05323607 0.2087609 0.47657677 0.5722150
9 -0.19675433 0.1503500 1.00250431 -0.5496025
10 1.33238531 1.2987410 0.01057214 1.1760535
Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling (GNI) per capita
1 0.09741772 0.3399985 -0.43880846
2 -0.40296384 -0.2733780 -0.60015173
3 -0.92656273 -1.1167421 -0.68001578
4 1.26652247 1.0666722 1.71066314
5 0.56115505 0.8028880 0.07656437
6 0.25415202 0.5912103 0.86469799
7 -1.59450010 -1.7549731 -0.70827179
8 0.45566755 -0.2171446 -0.27049120
9 -0.56280283 -0.5176039 -0.50757662
10 0.95019755 1.1478559 1.66350331
pam agnes
1 1.074074 1.296296
2 2.000000 5.043478
3 2.000000 3.631579
4 3.000000 4.200000
5 1.736842 4.421053
6 1.500000 6.750000
7 2.000000 6.428571
8 1.000000 4.555556
9 1.100000 1.500000
10 3.000000 8.000000
VISUALIZACIÓN COMPARATIVA: DIMENSIONES
[,1] [,2]
Albania 0.06889912 -0.14470252
Algeria -0.18956772 0.08659035
Angola -0.36299025 0.02584524
Argentina 0.01256673 -0.07130465
Armenia -0.02204313 -0.13462718
Australia 0.59884355 0.15153918
Austria 0.54880350 0.12510428
Azerbaijan -0.14547419 -0.03797221
Bahamas 0.20303413 -0.11097587
Bahrain 0.13722909 -0.07030498
Bangladesh -0.25070980 0.08718401
Belarus -0.17834847 0.13894361
Belgium 0.54776643 0.11579520
Benin -0.24725300 -0.02782567
Bolivia -0.23712909 -0.01131818
Bosnia and Herzegovina -0.09165255 -0.03598231
Botswana 0.12693644 -0.14662486
Brazil -0.08294089 -0.16729970
Bulgaria 0.05470678 -0.15645740
Burkina Faso -0.36773828 0.03020823
VISUALIZACIÓN COMPARATIVA: GRAFICO
